Pakistani women who choose to perform the Hajj without a mahram have been given conditional authorization to do so by the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII). In answer to a question from the Religious Affairs Ministry, the CII stated that the Jafria, Maliki, and Shafi’i schools of thought all contain provisions in sharia that allow a woman to attend Hajj or Umrah without a mahram. The constitutional body had previously been consulted by the ministry over this issue. The council’s written response said that, in accordance with the Jafria, Maliki, and Shafi’i schools of thought, a woman whose parents or spouse permit her to perform the Hajj might do so without a mahram.