The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) tightened its monetary policy even more on Tuesday, raising the key policy rate by 100 basis points to a record high of 21%. The State Bank of Pakistan Act established the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which made the decision to raise the policy rate to its highest level in an effort to “anchor inflation expectations around its medium-term target — barring any unanticipated shock.” On an annualized basis, the country experienced historic high inflation in March of 35.4%, while core inflation—the measure used to account for volatile energy and food prices—rose to 18.6% in urban areas and 23.1% in rural ones.
The committee stated that since the last meeting — on March 2 — it has noted three important developments having implications for the macroeconomic outlook, which include:
“In this context, the MPC considers the current monetary policy stance appropriate, and stresses that today’s decision, along with previous accumulated monetary tightening, will help achieve the medium-term inflation target over the next eight quarters,” the Monetary Policy Statement (MPS) — issued after the committee’s meeting — read.
However, the Committee noted that uncertainties attached to the global financial conditions as well as the domestic political situation pose risks to this assessment.
The MPC noted that the surge in inflation was broad-based, though a large part of it was contributed by food and energy components this reflects the pass-through of increases in taxes and duties, unwinding of untargeted energy subsidies and the recent exchange rate depreciation.
“To anchor these expectations, the MPC views its current monetary policy stance as appropriate to keep the real interest rate in positive territory on a forward-looking basis,” the MPS read.
In February 2023, the current account saw a deficit of only $74 million and the cumulative deficit now stands at $3.9 billion in the eight months of the ongoing fiscal year (July-February), about 68% lower than the same period last year.
“This mainly reflects the contraction in imports, which continues to outweigh the combined decline in remittances and exports,” it stated.
However, despite the lower current account deficit, higher loan repayments relative to disbursements are keeping the foreign exchange reserves under pressure.
“Thus, the committee reemphasised that the early conclusion of the 9th review under the IMF programme is critical to rebuilding the foreign exchange reserve buffers,” it added.
It should be noted that the foreign exchange reserves held by the central bank stand at a critical level of $4.2 billion — barely enough to cover one month’s imports.
The central bank’s committee noted that the fiscal outcomes during the period of July-January of the fiscal year 2022-23 have been encouraging in the context of achieving macroeconomic stability.
The fiscal deficit was contained to 2.3% of GDP during July-January FY23 compared to 2.8% in the same period last year, while the primary balance posted a surplus of 1.1% of GDP against a deficit of 0.3% last year.
It should be noted that this improvement in the primary balance was achieved on the back of lower subsidies, grants and development spending. Growth in tax revenues, however, has remained below target, amidst a slowdown in economic activity, reduction in imports and inadequate policy focus on expanding the tax net, while debt servicing has increased.
“In this context, the committee noted that delivering the envisaged fiscal consolidation is important to complement the ongoing monetary tightening in order to achieve price stability,” the statement read.
Agencies
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